Epidemiological study review cohort proof in turnitin

need proof in turnitin

this is the guide for the cohort

https://connect.springerpub.com/highwire_display/entity_view/node/156618/content_details

COHORT DESIGN

Citation:

Study Design:

Level of Evidence:

Introduction/Background Comments/Appraisal

Rationale provided for study

Significance of study provided

Current state of science or evidence clearly articulated

Problem statement or area identified

Research purpose clearly stated

Design Comments/Appraisal

Research question clearly defined and focused

Cohort identified

How was the exposed cohort selected?

Was there clear and defined selection criteria for inclusion of the exposed cohort?

What proportion of eligible subjects were included in exposed cohort?

How was the nonexposed cohort selected?

Was there clear and defined selection criteria for inclusion of the nonexposed cohort?

What proportion of the eligible subjects were included in the nonexposed cohort?

What was the exposure?

Was the exposure specific and measurable?

What was the potential for misclassification of the exposure?

How long was the cohort followed? Was this time period adequate?

Results/Findings Comments/Appraisal

What measures were implemented to reduce attrition? What was the rate of attrition?

Was there a difference in those who were lost to attrition and those who remained in the cohort study?

What were the primary and secondary study outcomes? How were the outcomes measured? Was the measurement valid and reliable?

Any surrogate outcome measures identified? How were the surrogate outcomes measured? Surrogate measurement was valid and reliable?

What was the comparative analysis of the exposed and nonexposed cohort?

Sample size appropriate based on power analysis; rationale for sample size estimation appropriate?

What was the strength of association between the exposure and outcome?

How accurate was the estimate of association between the exposure and outcome (confidence intervals or p-values)?

Bias/Confounders Comments/Appraisal

What was the potential for recall bias? What research strategies were used to reduce recall bias?

Was there potential for selection bias? What strategies were used to reduce selection bias?

Did the researcher identify all potential confounders?

What was the potential for information bias? What strategies were used to reduce information bias?

Was there potential for historical or maturation bias? What strategies were used to reduce historical or maturation bias?

Implications of Findings/Results Comments/Appraisal

What is the potential application of findings to practice?

Were all the clinically important outcomes considered?

How do the study findings fit within the existing state of science and available evidence?

Were the recommendations supported by the study findings?

Strengths Comments/Appraisal

What are the major strengths of the study design?

What are the major weaknesses of the study design?

Limitations Comments/Appraisal

What are the major limitations of the overall study design?

What are the major limitations of the sampling method?

What are the major limitations of the measurement methods?

What are the major limitations of the data management and analysis methods?

Ethical/Legal Comments/Appraisal

Did the research consider human subjects protection?

How were the human subjects rights protected?

Any ethical concerns identified?

Any potential conflicts of interest identified?

Any legal concerns identified?

attached the info the how the cohort should look like , with the info that you have to get it from the pdf.

remember that the way should look like but it is not same because the template change at the end