Mid term | Architecture and Design homework help

Concepts

Religion important

Influences thinking about tradition, honor, chivalry, education, ceremony, family life

Shape & define social, cultural, & design progress

Period of turmoil, unrest

Unity, stability, sanctuary in Crusades, pilgrimage & other churches, monasteries

Churches along pilgrimage routes—multifunctional, safe havens for pilgrims

Motifs: round arch, corbel table, figures, animals, fantastic figures, foliage, heraldic devices, zigzags, geometric forms

Moldings: zigzag, star, billet, lozenge

10.1

Motifs and Ornament: Top left: wall painting, Orvieto Cathedral, Orvieto, Italy; bottom left: floor, Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy; top and bottom right: Norman Romanesque ornament

Architecture

Need for larger, structurally stable churches

Accommodate crowds of pilgrims, worshippers

Good light & acoustics, fire resistant

Masonry construction methods

Common architectural language, deliberate design approach

Symmetry order, unity, monumentality, solidity, articulation of parts, repeated modules

Round arches, piers, ribbed vaults, towers, buttresses, ambulatories, thick walls

Figural & non figural sculpture

Innovations: variations of piers, original capitals, triforium

10.2

Architectural Details and Moldings: Top left and right: moldings, 11th-12th centuries; bottom left: Portal, Wenlock Abbey, Shropshire England. Romanesque.

10.3

Portal: Église Sainte-Foy de Moriaàs, 1080; Moriaàs, France. Romanesque.

10.4

Capitals from various churches. Romanesque.

10.5a

S. Ambrogio and floor plan, c. 1080-1128; Milan, Italy; a significant example of the Lombard-Romanesque style.

Long Description:

The portico’s arcade is supported by pillars, flanked by semi columns.

10.5b

S. Ambrogio interior, c. 1080-1128; Milan, Italy; a significant example of Lombard-Romanesque. Romanesque.

Interiors

Repeat exterior characteristics–round arches, repeated modules

Other features—ribbed vaults, compound piers, triforium, thick walls, masonry ceiling

Elements create unity, order, individuality

Interiors more architectonic, less glittering than Early Christian & Byzantine

Sculpture outlines nave, transverse arches, windows, doors, capitals

Few domestic survive

Ceremony & rank shown in decoration

Textiles instead of woodwork or furniture

10.6

Nave, Durham Cathedral 1093-1133; Durham, England. Romanesque.

10.6b

Arches detail, Durham Cathedral, 1093-1133; Durham, England. Romanesque.

Long Description:

The arches show a ribbed vault on the top, clerestory windows on the sides, the transverse arch in the middle, triforium on the aisle, rounded arches form an arcade, and complex piers appear as cluster columns and Chevron motif on the column.

10.7

S. Madeleine nave and floor plan, c. 11-4-1132 and later; Vézelay, France. Romanesque.

Furnishing and Decorative Arts

Mostly church furnishing survive

Altars, canopies, shrines

Simple board construction

Nails or pegs boards together

Sophisticated construction methods (veneer) & decorative techniques (inlay) unknown

Common embellishment—turning, carving, painting in bright colors

Types: chairs (few), stools (mostly), storage, beds

10.10

Thrones. Romanesque.

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